The Argentinean Social Movements
from a Gender Perspective
Prof. Silvia Delfino
This seminar aims at offering significant historical data and analysis about the ways in which class and gender have been articulated by political struggles against exclusion and repression in Argentina. The discussion on social movements from a gender perspective would propose not only to consider the role of women in political actions but, rather, to trace different historical moments when specific demands against oppression have been produced by associations shaped by the experience of inequality of class and gender. From this point of view gender and sexual identities are produced in concrete historical contexts within specific forms of power and authority. We will propose the information and discussion on different movements of unemployed workers, shanty towns, streets artists, persons in prostitution and neighborhood organizations.
The activities will include reading, film watching and guest speakers’ interviews with intensive class participation.
1. Women roles in colonization and emancipation movements. Class, gender, ethnicity and culture as articulation of sociability and politics in the formation of a “liberal” nation-state in the context of Latin American patriarchy and traditional macho society.
2. The fight over political participation.
a) Feminist associations related to workers movements.
b) The fight over vote and public intervention.
c) The political and cultural model of Eva Perón “Evita”.
3. Gendered movements against dictatorships in Argentina.
a) The role of women in movements against the authoritarian regimes. The “gendering” of human rights.
b) Claims, memories and experiences: Women's political participation and motherhood. The Madres-Mothers of Plaza de Mayo. The Abuelas-Grand Mothers of Plaza de Mayo.
c) Strategies, historical change and ways of action. Subalternity at the forefront of dissident demands.
d) Gay, Lesbian and Travesties movements against repression.
3. The recovery of democracy and “new” social movements.
a) Class, gender, race and age articulated in political actions. The uses of public spaces to claim for justice but also to discuss the limits of liberal democracy. Women's and feminist organizations and the struggle for political change, especially advances in women's political, social, and economic rights.
b) State and civil society through demands of institutional change and political participation.
c) Research on gender, sexual orientation and gender identities as social and political actors.
4. Political participation through and after neo-conservatism and the collapse of 2001.
a) Social movements based on gender experiences conceived as associations to introduce social changes but also ideological changes, understanding those as a discussion on prevailing political and cultural values of Argentinean society.
b) women, lesbian, feminist, transgender and gay activism from the perspective of unemployed workers movements (piqueteros); the neighborhood organizations, street artists, factories and new social movements.
Movies/Documentaries
La Historia Oficial (aka The Official Story) Directed by Luis Puenzo, 155 min., 1985 Spanish with English subtitles.
Sol de Noche, La historia de Olga y Luis (A gleam in the dark, The story of Olga and Luis). Directed by Pablo Milstein and Norberto Ludin, produced by Eduardo Aliverti.
77 min., 2003. Spanish with English subtitles
19/20, Ecos de una rebelion (19/20, Echoes from a rebellion). Directed by Maite Llanos, Ezequiel Adamovsky, Juan Laguna, Maria Eva Blotta, Mariana Percovich, Federico Sainz, Martin Bergel and Barra Producciones. 47 min., 2002. Spanish with English subtitles
Piqueteras (Picketers). Directed by Malena Bystrowicz y Veronica Mastrosimone, Sound designed by Miguel Magud. 42 min., 2002. Spanish without subtitles.
Obreras en lucha (The struggle of Brukman workers). Directed by KR Litzenberger, Remy Kachadourin and produced by Geografia Subversiva. 20 min., 2002. Spanish with English subtitles.
The Take. Directed by Avi Lewis; produced by Avi Lewis, Naomi Klein and Katie McKenna. Executive producer is Laszlo Barna, Barna Alper Productions, in association with the CBC and the NFB. 110 min. 2004. Spanish and English with English subtitles.
Bibliography; When English versions are not available, brief notes will be offered.
Readings
Barrancos, Dora: La escena iluminada. Ciencias para trabajadores. 1890-1930, Buenos Aires, Plus Ultra. 1996
Bellucci, Mabel: Los estudios de la mujer han recorrido un largo camino ... en Las mujeres en la imaginación colectiva Una historia de discriminación y resistencias (comp. Ana María Fernandez) Buenos Aires, Paidos, 1992.
D´Atri, Andrea: Pan y Rosas. Debates de feminismo y lucha de clases. Buenos Aires, Pan y Rosas, 2004
Feijoo, María del Carmen: “The Challenge of Constructing Civilian Peace: Women and Democracy in Argentina," in The Women's Movement in Latin America
Franco, Jean: Plotting Women: Gender and Representation in Mexico. New York, Columbia University Press, 1989
Guy, Donna J.: Sex & danger in Buenos Aires: prostitution, family, and nation in Argentina. Lincoln University of Nebraska Press. 1991
Klein, Naomi: Fences and Windows. Toronto, Vintage, 2002
Laudano, Claudia: Las mujeres en los discursos militares. UNLP, UNL. UNQ. Buenos Aires 1998
LAVACA (colectivo Claudia Acuña, Sergio Ciancaglini, Edith Gociol, Diego Rosemberg) Sin Patrón, Buenos Aires, Lavaca, 2005
Lewis, Avi and Naomi Klein: The Take. Movie. 2004
Ludmer, Josefina: El genero gauchesco: un tratado sobre la patria. Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 1988
Maffia, Diana (compiladora) Sexualidades migrantes. Género y transgénero .Buenos Aires, Feminaria Editora, 2003
Magnani, Esteban: El cambio silencioso. Empresas y fábricas recuperadas por los trabajadores en la Argentina. Buenos Aires, Prometeo, 2004
Marchak, Patricia: God’s Assassins, State Terrorism in Argentina in the 1970s, Quebec, McGill Queen’s University Press, 1999
Pratt, Mary L. Imperial Eyes. Travel Writing and Trasculturation. London: Routledge, 1992
Rapisardi, Flavio y Modarelli, Alejandro: Fiestas, baños y exilios. Gays, lesbianas y travesties durante la última dictadura. Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 2000
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